初一英语上册知识点

上了初一还是要面对英语的，初一英语的知识点比较简单，我们可以很轻松地总结出来，初一英语上册知识点有哪些？一起来看看初一英语上册知识点，欢迎查阅!

初一英语上册知识点总结

一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写

要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。

二、be动词的用法

be动词有三种变形，分别是：am, is, are。记忆口诀：

“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。

三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)

1、三种人称：第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you, you)，第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。

2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的.形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。

3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。

4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。

5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

四、基数词(表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数) zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,

seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six,

twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。

五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句

1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。

2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。

六、可数名词变复数

可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1、规则变化：

1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;

2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加“-es ”，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;

3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加“-es ”，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;

4)部分以f (e)结尾的词，变f (e)为“ves ”，如：knife-knives, half-halves等;

5)以o结尾的词，加“-s ”或“-es ”，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不能吃的加“-s ”。

2、不规则变化：

1)改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;

2)单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;

3)其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。

七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则

最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语，其中谓语由动词来充当。

主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：

1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;

2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;

3)以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等;

4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等;

5)have的三单形式是has。

八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)

冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。

1、定冠词the表示“特指”，可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。

2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前，a则英语非元音开头的单词前。

3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”，而基数词则强调“数量”。

九、助动词(do, does )的用法

只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：

1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则。 eg : I like English a lot.

Michael likes Chinese food very much.

2)当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：

Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math. They like sports.------They don't like sports.

3)当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：

Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.

Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.

十、名词所有格

1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;

2、用of表示“......的”，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine(我的一本书)

3、have与of的区别：

have一般表示“主动拥有”，往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。例如： I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.

a door of the house

十一、课本中的知识点

1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2

1)问候语：

Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.

Hi! Hello!

How do you do?

初一英语上册语法总结

一.动词be(is,am,are)的用法：说明身份，年龄，状态等。

口诀：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。

单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。

变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。

变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。

be动词的用法：

be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。

第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。

句型解析析：I am+…

I am a student. I am a boy.

第二人称(You)配合are使用。

句型解析：You are+…

You are my good friend. You are a good person.

第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。

句型解析：She(He, It) is +…

She is a good girl. She is so cute.

人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。

句型解析：We (You, They) are +…

We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You are good students.

注意：

1 综合解析当使用be动词的时候，前面请先加上第几人称。

be动词前面的人称，是不可随意替换的。例如：

I am, You are, She is，并不会出现I is, You am, She are 这样的情形。

2 当只有第一人称和第二人称或第三人称时应该把第二人称或第三人称放在前

例如:you and I, Tom and I

当第二人称和第三人称放在一起时把第二人称放在前面，

例如：you and Tom

当三者都有时，排序为：2 3 1

例如you, Tom and I

练习：1. Where ______ Ann . She ______ here.

2. How old ______ you . I ______ thirteen.

3. ______ you Mr Read . Yes, I ______.

4. What ______ your name. My name ____ Ann

二 情态动词Can

1 can作“能、会”解，否定式是cannot，缩写为can’t。

“can+动词原形” “can’t+动词原形” ：表示某人能做或不能做某事

Can 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化。

Can 表示的”能力”为现在的能力，而不是过去或将来的能力。

1). for ability表示能力。例如：

—Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.

I can run fast,can you?

2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示获得的知识或技能。例如： —Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她会说日语吗?不，她不会。

3). indicating permission表示许可。例如：

Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的报纸吗?

Can I take you home?我送你回家行吗?

We can’t wear jeans at work.我们上班时不准穿牛仔裤。

4). indicating requests表示要求。例如：

Can you help me with this box?你能帮我弄这个箱子吗?

Can you feed the cat?你喂喂猫好吗?

5). indicating possibly表示可能性。例如：

That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.那不可能是玛丽—她住院了。

He can’t have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得着觉。

There’s someone outside—who can it be?外面有人—会是谁呢?

6). used to make suggestions用以提出建议。例如：

We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的话，咱们可以在饭馆吃饭。

I can take the car if necessary.必要时我可以开车去。

三 情态动词Would

1 Would是will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的"意志"、"愿望"和 "决心"等。 如：I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告诉彼得我要跟他一块去。

2 would用来表示现在时间时时，不论是表达说话人本身的意志或向对方提出请求，均较will婉转。如：

Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒吗?

Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop?

[注]在日常会话中，I would like to和I should like to都可以说，I would like的简略式为I'd like。如：yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to

Yes, very much. Sorry, ai already have an appointment.

3 Would还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作

I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我发现退休的人经常到公园里下棋。

When he had a problem to solve，he would work at it until he found an answer.当他有个问题要解决时，他总是想办法一直到找到答案为止。

练习：

1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.

A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not

2 The children___ play football on the road.

A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must

3 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?

A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try

4 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?

A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must

5 ___ you like to have another try?

A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do

6 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, ___.

A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do

四 “there be”句型

There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。

”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词，没有词义;主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。 There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀：

Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：

①There is a tree behind the house.

②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).

③There are some pears in the box.

(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的'那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：

①There is a book and some pens on the floor.

②There are some pens and a book on the floor.

肯定句：there is an apple on the table

否定句：there isn't an apple on the table.

一般疑问句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is. / No, there isn't 特殊疑问句：what is there on the table.

1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2. 结构：

(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.

there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。

① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。

② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.

我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。

③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

3. There be句型与have的区别：

(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物

或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。

①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。

②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。

(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。

①A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。 4 变脸一：否定句

There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：

There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree=There is no bike behind the tree.

5 变脸二：一般疑问句

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为"调整法"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧：

There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?

There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

6 变脸三：特殊疑问句

There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who's+介词短语?";当主语是物时，用

"What's + 介词短语?"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

There are many things over there. →What's over there?

There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

② 对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?"啦!例如：

There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?

How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?

五 、一般现在时

一般现在时：

1) 它表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.

2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。

e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.

3)表示客观真理，表示格言或警句中

e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.

一 其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前.

二 其句式变化可分为两种情况

1)表示动作， 一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。

They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00.

Do they have lunch at 12:00?

2)单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首

加助动词does。

Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.

Does Jenny speak English very well?

含有be动词的要在be上做变化.

E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student.

Is Danny a good student?

三 其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。

做题时常见错误如下：

一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中

例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.

解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”

二、单三人称形式易出错

例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.

2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案：1 plays 2 goes

解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变

复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.

三、在句式变换时易出错

例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?

2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China. 答案：1 Does have 2 doesn’t live 解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。

此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.

四、对do的理解易出错

例：We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案：don’t do

解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动

词，无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词don’t。

五、对主语的数判断有误

例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is

解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is. 另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。

初一上册知识点总结

定语从句：

(一)基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom,

练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working.

3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring.4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot.

5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy.

6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen.

7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading.

8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting.

(二)特例：只用that的情况

1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that，

2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that.

3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。

4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying?

练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup.

2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost

4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used.

6. He was the first person _______passed the exam.

7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly.

(三)whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there.

2. I like the rooms ______windows face south.3. This is the desk ______legs were broken.

4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.Here comes a girl ___ handwriting is the best .

6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old.

(四)从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。

1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework.

2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting.

3-Children who often ____(eat) junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy.

4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class.

5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be)

6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be)

9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China.

10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best.

(五)“介词+关系代词”注意： 介词的选用要考虑：

A.与先行词的搭配关系

1)I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army.

2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here.

3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.

B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯

1)Have you found the book ________I paid 29 dollars?

2)Have you found the book ________I spent 29 dollars?

3) Have you found the book _____________we learnt a lot?

4) Have you found the book _______she often talks?

关系副词的用法

练习：1. It must be a good place ________________we can do a lot of exercise.

2.This is the village _________________we visited last week.

3.The house _______ we live in is very big./ The house _______ we live is very big

4. The woman ___________ talked to you just now is a doctor. The woman ______ you talked to is my sister.

The woman to ___________ you talked is my sister. 5. This is the hospital ____________ I was born in.

This is the hospital in _________I was born. This is the hospital____________ I was born.

综合练习一. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. This is the present ____he gave me for my birthday.3.The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

4. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

5. There is nothing in the world ______can frighten him.6. We visited a factory _______makes toys for children.

7. Is this the place _______ your father once lived 8. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

9The car______my father bought last month is beautiful.10The man______hair is white is his grandfather.

二 ( )1.Rosa likes music ___ is quiet and gentle. A. when B. that C. where D. who

( )2.--Is the girl _ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend--Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

( )3 Yao Ming is a famous basketball star ___ is playing in the NBA. A. whose B. who C. what D. which

( )4. The doctor ___I am waiting for is Mr. Smith. A. which B. whom C. whose D. why

( )5. --- Do you know Hong Zhanhui? ---Yes. He’s the college student ____ has moved Chinese people a lot.

A. who B. which C. what D. whom

( )6. In my family, my sister is the only person __ loves chocolate. A. which B. who C. whom D. she

( )7. This is the place ____ the old man lived last year. A. when B. where C. that D.which

( ) 8. The song ___ Jay Zhou sings are popular with students. A. why B. whom C. what D. which

( )9. The farmer was very thankful to the doctor ___ treated his son. A. what B. which C. who D. whose

( )10.I like to live in a house__ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why

( )11. The young lady ___ we met yesterday is our new math teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which

( )12. --Can you introduce the town to me? --OK. This is the town in __ I was born. A. that B. who C. which

( )13. Miss green is the only person __ can help you with your English. A. she B. whom C. which D. who

( )14. I like the second football match ___was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /

( )15. Is there anything ____ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs

( )16. I hate people ___ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. wh