中考英语特殊句式归纳总结

英语中的特殊句式，由于其表达方式多与汉语不一致，常成为中考试题中的考查热点。现结合中考真题，对中考中的特殊句式进行归纳总结，供同学们学习参考。

热点一：祈使句

祈使句通常用来表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、禁止、建议、警告、号召或祝愿等语气， 目的明确，在口语中应用广泛。在历年中考试题中，祈使句是考查热点之一，备受命题人的青睐，每年的试题均有涉及。

1. 对祈使句谓语动词形式的考查

祈使句主语一般是第二人称（you），为了强调和增强句子节奏，往往省略主语（you）。所以祈使句都是以动词原形开头。

【真题链接1】（2015年长春卷） ______ along this street， and you can find the hotel on your right， next to the market.

A. Walk B. To walk

C. Walks D. Walking

【真题链接2】（2015年河南卷） ______ kind and helpful to the people around us， and we will make the world a nice place to live in.

A. Be B. Being

C. To be D. Been

Key： 1～2 AA

2. 对祈使句否定形式的考查

祈使句的否定形式通常是在句首加dont或never（语气更强）构成。

【真题链接3】（2015年绥化卷） ______ swim in the river alone， Karen. Its too dangerous.

A. Not B. Dont

C. Doesnt

【真题链接4】（2015年盐城卷） Daniel， ______ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street.

A. dont B. doesnt

C. wont D. cant

【真题链接5】（2015年陕西卷） ______ on the grass， or it will “cry”.

A. To walk B. Not to walk

C. Walk D. Dont walk

Key： 3～5 BAD

注意：

（1）如果是带有主语的祈使句，通常将dont置于主语前面。如：

Dont you speak to me like that！ 你别这样跟我讲话！

（2）“Lets ...”祈使句的否定结构一般由“Lets not ...”构成。如：

We only have an hour. Lets not argue about it.我们只有一个小时的时间。别再争论这个了。

3. 对“祈使句+ and （then） / or （else） +简单句”的考查

在该句型中，如果祈使句与后面的陈述句是顺承关系，则用连词and或and then；如果祈使句与后面的陈述句是转折关系，则用连词or或or else。此外，该句型中，祈使句表示“条件”，简单句表示“结果”。简单句中谓语动词通常用一般将来时或用情态动词表示将来。

【真题链接6】（2015年北京卷） Get up early， ______ youll be late for school.

A. so B. and

C. or D. but

【真题链接7】（2015年黄石卷） Be quiet， my kids， ______ you will have to stay outside， because this is a library.

A. and B. because

C. or D. but

【真题链接8】（2015年重庆卷） Youd better take care， ______ you will hurt your eyes.

A. so B. but

C. or D. and

【真题链接9】（2015年德州卷） Youd better wake up Tom at 6：30， ______ he will be late for the match.

A. if B. or

C. and D. but

Key： 6～9 CCCB

4.对祈使句附加问句的考查

由于祈使句的动作通常是指将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，肯定回答用“Yes， I will.”，否定回答用“No， I wont.”。祈使句后可以跟附加问句以加强语气或使语气变得更加委婉一些。

（1）肯定的祈使句，若表示“请求或要求”，后面的附加问句通常用用will you；若表示“邀请或劝说”，后面的附加问句通常用wont you（也可用will you）。

（2）否定的祈使句，后面的附加问句通常用will you。

（3）如果以“Lets ...”开头的祈使句表示“建议”，则其后的附加问句通常用shall we / shant we。

（4）如果以“Let us ...”开头的祈使句表示 “请求”，则其后的附加问句通常用will you。

【真题链接10】（2015年安顺卷） —Dont be late for school next time， ______？

—No， I wont.

A. are you B. will you

C. do you D. did you

【真题链接11】（2015年宜宾卷） Nancy， sweep the classroom， ______？

A. dont you B. do you

C. will you D. doesnt she

Key： 10～11 BC

热点二：感叹句

英语中的感叹句通常是由what或how引导，表示惊奇、赞赏、愤怒、喜悦、惋惜或愿望，句末加感叹号。中考对感叹句的考查一般为以下几种形式：

1. 对what引导的感叹句的考查

what引导的感叹句有：

（1） What + a / an + adj. +可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！

（2） What + adj. +可数名词复数（+主语+谓语）！

（3） What + adj. +不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！

【真题链接1】（2015年云南卷） ______ useful robot！ It can help with the housework like a human servant.

A. How B. What an

C. How a D. What a

【真题链接2】（2015年宿迁卷） —Lets go to Luoma Lake and take the Ferris Wheel （摩天轮） to enjoy the view of Suqian.

—______ interesting idea！

A. What B. What an

C. How D. How an

【真题链接3】（2015年长沙卷） —Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July.

—Really？ ______ exciting news！

A. How B. What an

C. What

【真题链接4】（2015年襄阳卷） —The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized （倾覆） in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st.

—______ bad news！ Can we do something to help with the rescue （救援）？

A. What a B. What

C. How a D. How

【真题链接5】（2015年永州卷） ______ Su Bingtian is！ He finished the 100-meter race in 9.99 seconds.

A. How a fast runner

B. What a fast runner

C. What fast runner

【真题链接6】（2015年宜昌卷） —Our team has won the first prize in the soccer games.

—Congratulations！ ______ team you are！

A. How great

B. What a great

C. What great

D. How a great

【真题链接7】（2015年乐山卷） ______ beautiful picture！ I couldnt believe it was painted by a young child.

A. What a B. What

C. How

【真题链接8】（2015年盐城卷） ______ great fun we had in Yandu Park last Sunday！

A. How B. What

C. What a D. How a

Key： 1～5 DBCBB 6～8 BAB

2. 对how引导的感叹句的考查

how引导的感叹句有：

（1） How + adj. / adv.（+主语+谓语）！

（2） How + adj. + a / an +可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！

【真题链接1】（2015年郴州卷） ______ dangerous it is for a child to swim alone in a river！

A. What B. What a

C. How

【真题链接2】（2015年株洲卷） ______ fantastic the dragon boat teams are！

A. How B. What

C. What a

【真题链接3】（2015年济宁卷） —Wow！ ______ beautiful the music is！

—Yes. Thats my favorite.

A. What B. What a

C. What an D. How

【真题链接4】（2015年玉林卷） ______ interesting the book is！ I want to buy one， too.

A. How B. What

C. How an D. What an

【真题链接5】（2015年丹东卷） —______ exciting the movie is！

—Sure， I have seen it three times.

A. What B. What an

C. How D. How an

【真题链接6】（2015年上海卷） ______ important it is for kids to imagine freely！

A. What B. What a

C. What an D. How

【真题链接7】（2015年广东卷） —So far， Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.

—______ he runs！

A. How slow B. How fast

C. What a slow D. What a fast

Key： 1～5 CADAC 6～7 DB

热点三：there be句型

there be句型常译为“有”。在这个句式中，there不是主语而是引导词，主语是be动词后的名词，be动词应与后边的主语保持一致（当主语不止一个时，应遵循“就近一致”的原则）；be动词前还可以加上can， may， must， might， used to， ought to， seem to， happen to等情态动词或短语动词；be动词还可以被stand， live， lie， exist， appear等表示“存在”概念的动词替代。

【真题链接1】（2015年安徽卷） Drive slowly， Mary. ______ is something ahead on the road.

A. It B. This

C. That D. There

【真题链接2】（2015年广东卷） —______ there any living things on other planets？

—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.

A. Is B. Are

C. Has D. Have

【真题链接3】（2015年广州卷） The weather forecast says that ______ another storm tomorrow.

A. there will haveB. there will be

C. there has D. there has been

【真题链接4】（2015年襄阳卷） —We ordered beef noodles， but ______ any beef in the noodles.

—Put on your glasses and you can see the beef.

A. there isnt B. there is

C. there arent D. there are

【真题链接5】（2015年重庆卷） There ______ more and more foreigners learning Chinese now.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

【真题链接6】（2015年黔西南卷） There ______ a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.

A. is going to be B. will have

C. are going to beD. is going to have

【真题链接7】（2015年白银卷） There ______ great changes in such kind of PDA （掌上电脑） in the last few years.

A. has been B. have been

C. has had D. have had

【真题链接8】（2015年泰安卷） —Why are you in such a hurry， John？

—There ______ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.

A. will be B. was

C. would be D. has been

【真题链接9】（2014年威海卷） There ______ a great concert in the theater next Saturday evening.

A. will be B. will have

C. has D. is going to have

Key： 1～5 DBBAB 6～9 ABAA

热点四：so和neither / nor构成的固定倒装句

由so，neither / nor引导的倒装句指上句话提到的情况同样适合下文的人或物，为了避免和上文的内容重复，英语中习惯用 so， neither / nor 引导的倒装句。so引导的倒装句表示肯定的情况；neither / nor 引导的倒装句表示否定的情况。倒装句的时态与前一句时态保持一致，上下文陈述的不是同一人或事物。其基本结构为：“so+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人或某物的情况也是如此”；“neither / nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人或某物的情况也不这样”。

【真题链接1】（2015年安顺卷） —They go to school early in the morning.

—______.

A. So do Tom B. So Tom do C. So does TomD. So Tom does

【真题链接2】（2015年无锡卷） —What language is that guy speaking？ I can hardly catch a single word！

—______. Hes from India， so I guess it is Hindi.

A. Neither I can B. Neither can I

C. So I can D. So can I

【真题链接3】（2015年黔西南卷） —Tom didnt go for a picnic yesterday.

—______.

A. So did I

B. So I did

C. Neither did I

D. Neither I did

【真题链接4】（2014年宜宾卷） —Im not going swimming this afternoon.

—______. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.

A. So am I

B. So I am

C. Neither am I

D. Neither I am

【真题链接5】（2015年曲靖卷） —I like the smells in the air—newly-cut grass and sweet flowers.

—______. It smells so nice.

A. So I do B. So do I

C. So am I D. So I am

【真题链接6】（2015年龙东卷） —Lucy cant go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.

—______. I have to do housework at home.

A. So can I

B. Neither can I

C. Neither I can

【真题链接7】（2015年黑河卷） —I cant hang out with you because of illness.

—If you dont go， ______.

A. neither will I

B. so do I

C. neither do I

【真题链接8】（2014年遂宁卷） —Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening？

—I havent decided yet. If you dont go， ______.

A. so will I

B. neither do I

C. neither will I

Key： 1～5 CBCCB 6～8 BAC

注意：

“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示赞同，意为“某人或某物确实如此”。 这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：

—She speaks English very well. 她英语说得很好。

—So she does. 确实是这样。

【真题链接9】（2015年泰安卷） —Taian is a really comfortable city to live in.

—______， and its world famous for Mount Tai.

A. So it is B. So is it

C. So it does D. So does it

【真题链接10】（2014年云南卷） —Kunming is really a comfortable city to live in.

—______. The weather is pleasant.

A. So it is B. So is it

C. So it does D. So does it

Key： 9～10 AA

热点五：it句型

很多中考试题中的单项选择题都考查了与it相关的句型，现将相关考点分述如下：

1. It is + adj. （+ of / for sb.） + to do sth.

在该句型中，当该形容词（如necessary， important， difficult， hard， easy， impossible等）表示对整个事情进行评价时，用for；当该形容词（如kind， nice， good， bad， wise， clever， silly， foolish， careless， brave， careful， wrong， right 等）表示人的性格或特点时，必须用of。

【真题链接1】（2015年长沙卷） Its necessary for us ______ to our parents when we have problems.

A. to talk B. talking

C. talk

【真题链接2】（2015年连云港卷） Its great ______ us to get so many favourite books on International Childrens Book Day.

A. to B. with

C. of D. for

【真题链接3】（2013年温州卷） Its _______ to listen to light music when you feel tired.

A. dangerous B. scary

C. relaxing D. difficult

【真题链接4】（2013年安徽卷） It is helpful to ______ a good habit of reading in language learning.

A. take B. show

C. develop D. match

Key： 1～4 ADCC

2. It is / has been +一段时间+ since从句

若since从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词，则该句型意为“自……以来已有多长时间了”；若since从句中的谓语动词为短暂性动词，则该句型意为“自不……以来已有多长时间了”。

【真题链接5】 （2013年杭州卷） —What was the party like？

—Wonderful！ Its years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. after B. before

C. when D. since

【真题链接6】（2013年上海卷） It ______ ten years since the Whites ______ in the village.

A. has been； lived

B. has been； have lived

C. is； has lived

D. will be； lived

Key： 5～6 DA

3. It + be +一段时间+ before从句

若主句中的be动词是was或wasnt，则该句型表示“从句动作发生以前已过了多长时间”；若谓语动词是will / wont be， 则该句型表示“过多久/过不多久某事将会发生”。

【真题链接7】（2013年北京卷） It will be quite some time ______ she is back again， so dont be too angry with her.

A. that B. since

C. before D. until

Key： 7. C

4. It is up to sb. to do sth.

该句型意为“由某人负责干某事”。

【真题链接8】（2013年上海卷） It is up ______ Tom ______ decide when to start.

A. to； which B. to； to

C. of； to D. to； for

Key： 8. B

5. It is no wonder + that从句 / No wonder + that从句

该句型意为“难怪……”。

【真题链接9】（2013年南京卷） They are all classmates. ______ is no wonder ______ they should help each other with their studies.

A. This； whether B. It； if

C. That； that D. It； that

Key： 9. D

6. It is / was +具体时间+ when从句。该句型意为“在……时候，某事发生了”。

【真题链接10】（2013年广州卷） It was five oclock in the afternoon ______ they got to the top of the mountain.

A. since B. when

C. that D. until

Key： 10. B

热点六：反意疑问句

1. 对反意疑问句基本形式的考查

反意疑问句，也叫附加疑问句，其谓语必须参照前面陈述部分的谓语形式，与其在人称、数和时态上与之保持一致。要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”的原则，即：陈述部分用肯定句时，附加问句用否定形式（与not连用时要注意用缩写形式）；反之，陈述部分为否定句时，附加问句用肯定形式。一般来说，陈述部分含有否定词not， never， hardly， seldom， few， little， neither， no， no one， nobody， nothing， none等时应视为否定句。

【真题链接1】（2015年呼和浩特卷） We have to finish the work now， ______？

A. dont we B. havent we

C. have we D. do we

【真题链接2】（2015年益阳卷） —Its Fathers Day today， ______？

—Yes， lets buy a gift for Dad.

A. isnt he B. doesnt it

C. isnt it

【真题链接3】（2013年益阳卷） —Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning， ______？

—______. He got up too late.

A. had he； Yes

B. hadnt he； Yes

C. did he； No

【真题链接4】（2013年十堰卷） Theres little important news in the newspaper today， ______？

A. isnt there B. is there

C. is it D. are there

Key： 1～4 ACCB

注意：

当陈述部分为复合句时，一般情况下，附加问句应同陈述部分的主句保持一致。当陈述部分的主句是I think， I believe， I guess等时，附加问句应与其宾语从句保持一致。

【真题链接5】（2013年黄石卷） I dont think the newly-directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say， ______？

A. do you B. isnt it

C. is it D. dont you

Key： 5. C

2. 对反意疑问句的答语的考查

反意疑问句的回答形式类似于一般疑问句，即：yes后面无not，no后面带not。当反意疑问句为“前肯后否”时，yes仍译作“是”，no译作“不”。

【真题链接6】（2013年兰州卷） —He hasnt watched the movie “So Young”， has he？

—______. He told me it was very moving and interesting， and hed like to watch it again.

A. Yes， he has

B. Yes， he hasnt

C. No， he hasnt

D. No， he has

【真题链接7】（2013年宜宾卷） —Sam didnt go to school yesterday， did he？

—______. He was ill yesterday.

A. Yes， he did B. No， he did C. No， he didnt D. Yes， he didnt

【真题链接8】（2013年镇江卷） —You have joined the Singing Club， havent you？

—______. I like singing， but I dont have any time.

A. Yes， I do B. No， I dont

C. Yes， I have D. No， I havent

Key： 6～8 ACD

热点七：表示“提建议”的句型

中考英语试题中常考的“提建议”的句型有：

1. had better （not） do sth.“最好（不）做某事”

2. How about / What about doing sth.？“做某事怎么样”

3. I think you should do sth.“我认为你应该做某事”

4. Lets do sth.“让我们做某事吧”

5. Why not do sth. / Why dont you do sth.？ “为什么不做某事”

【真题链接1】（2015年苏州卷） —We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.

—______？ Ill give them a call right now.

A. Why not B. What for

C. Why D. What

【真题链接2】（2013年咸宁卷） Its rather hot in the room. Youd better ______ the window or the door.

A. close B. not to close

C. dont close D. not close

【真题链接3】（2013年丽水卷） —Can I have some cookies， Mom？

—______ Ill get you some.

A. No way.

B. How come？

C. How can it be？

D. Why not？

【真题链接4】（2013年广州卷） —I feel very tired.

—______

A. Lucky you！

B. Youd better work harder.

C. Congratulations！

D. Why not go and have a rest？

Key： 1～4 ADDD

热点八：表示“花费”的句型

中考英语试题中常考查学生对下列表示“花费”的固定句型的运用能力：

1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.“干某事花某人一些时间”

2. sb. spend some time on sth. / （in） doing sth.“某人花时间在某事上/某人花时间干某事”

3. sth. cost sb. some money“某事花费某人一些钱”

4. pay some money for sth.“为某事（物）付钱”

【真题链接1】（2015年襄阳卷） —Its reported that Chinese ______ more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat （微信）.

—Its true. But I think WeChat is taking too much of our time.

A. spend B. cost

C. pay D. take

【真题链接2】（2015年福州卷） —It will ______ only about 50 minutes to travel to Mount Wuyi by high-speed railway.

—Wow， how exciting！ I cant wait.

A. take B. spend

C. cost

Key： 1～2 AA

巩固练习：

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —______ nice day today！

—Yeah， lets take a walk outside.

A. What a B. What

C. How D. How a

2. —Look！ This sweater is beautiful.

—______？

A. Why not trying it on

B. Why not try on it

C. Why not try it on

D. Why not trying on it

3. —Listen！ Someone is playing the piano.

—Wow！ ______ beautiful music！ I like it very much.

A. What B. How a

C. What a D. How

4. It seemed only a few minutes ______ the boy finished washing his face.

A. when B. till

C. after D. before

5. It is careless ______ the same mistake in your composition again.

A. for you to make

B. for you making

C. of you to make

D. of you making

6. It ______ two years ______ he joined the League.

A. was； when B. was； since

C. has been； since D. is； before

7. One more month， ______ these baby birds will fly out of their nest.

A. or B. and

C. but D. otherwise

8. ______ learning English， listening， speaking， reading and writing ______ the four basic skills.

A. In； are B. On； is

C. For； is D. To； are

9. Alice， you must make sure that the children here are well looked after， ______？

A. dont you B. doesnt she

C. will you D. would she

10. ______， the colder the winters are.

A. The more north you go

B. The farther you go the north

C. The more you go north

D. The farther north you go

11. —Do you know？ Henry didnt win that speech contest.

—______？ I was sure he would. He worked so hard on it.

A. Do I B. Dont I

C. Did he D. Didnt he

12. ______ our earth， or else it will be no longer fit for us to live on.

A. Protected B. To protect

C. Protecting D. Protect

13. ______ the whole passage fast， so that you will get a general idea of it.

A. Reading B. To read

C. Read D. Have read

14. Let us forget the past， ______？

A. dont you B. shall we

C. do we D. will you

15. —Your sister isnt a nurse， is she？

—______. She teaches English in a middle school.

A. No， she isnt

B. Yes， she is

C. Yes， she isnt

D. No， she is

16. There isnt any chicken on the plate， ______？

A. is it B. isnt it

C. isnt there D. is there

17. —I hear Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.

—______， and ______.

A. So he did； so did I

B. So did he； so I did

C. So he was； so was I

D. So was he； so I was

18. —My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow.

—______. Shall we go together？

A. So am I B. So do I

C. So I am D. So will I

19. —______ beautiful day it is！ Lets go and have a picnic in the park.

—Good idea！

A. How B. How a

C. What D. What a

20. —Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition.

—______ pleasant surprise this gave her classmates！

A. What B. How

C. What a D. How a

21. —______ beautiful city！

—Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year.

A. How B. What

C. How a D. What a

22. —There are always many volunteers in great events， ______？

—Yes. Many hands make light work！

A. arent there B. are there

C. arent they D. are they

23. ______ good job she does！ She is really a clever girl.

A. What B. How

C. What a D. How a

24. —Zhou Weilun could hardly speak English three years ago， ______？

—No， he couldnt. But now he is quite good at it.

A. couldnt he B. could he

C. didnt he D. did he

25. —______ wonderful dictionary it is！ Thank you for buying me such a useful present.

—Im glad you like it.

A. What a B. What

C. How a D. How

26. ______ happily the children are flying kites！

A. What B. What a

C. How D. How a

27. Lets search the Internet for some information about famous people， ______？

A. will you B. wont you

C. shall we D. do you

28. —Meat isnt really dangerous， is it？

—Oh！ ______！ Its not at all good for our health.

A. Yes， it isnt

B. No， it is

C. Yes， it is

D. No， it isnt

29. ______ worried about me， Mom. Ive grown up.

A. Dont B. Dont be

C. Not D. Not be

30. Take a cup of water， ______ you will feel better.

A. or B. but

C. so D. and

31. Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a cellphone， ______？

A. doesnt she B. does s