英语短文改错题探秘及时态用法：一般现在时

　　中学英语涉及到的时态一共有16种，下面给大家准备了一般现在时的用法说明，希望对大家复习备考有帮助。

　　高中英语十六种时态用法详解之一般现在时

　　一、一般现在时表现在

　　1. 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。如：

　　My sister wears glasses. 我妹妹戴眼镜。

　　He often goes to the cinema. 他经常去看电影。

　　【注】询问某人的习惯时，有时还可用ever。如：

　　“Do you ever eat meat?” “No, I never eat meat.”“你吃肉吗?”“从不吃肉。”

　　2. 表示现在(或经常性)的情况或状态。如：

　　Mother is ill. 母亲病了。

　　He is always like that. 他总是那样。

　　He likes living in the country. 他喜欢住在乡下。

　　We need a lot of money. 我们需要一大笔钱。

　　3. 表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。如：

　　He sings well. 他唱歌唱得好。

　　Mr. Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法语。

　　4. 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。如：

　　Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。

　　Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。

　　The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

　　二、一般现在时表将来

　　1. 当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。如：

　　I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。

　　Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。

　　If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。

　　Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。

　　【注】① 除表示时间和条件的状语从句外，表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表示将来。如：

　　I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。

　　Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。

　　Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否，他都会失败。

　　I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose. 赢也好，输也好，我都将会玩好。

　　The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。

　　② 另外，当主句为用将来时态时，定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来。如：

　　I’ll give you anything you ask for. 你要什么我都给你。

　　You can have anything I find. 我找到的任何东西你都可以拿去。

　　Everyone who comes first will get a present. 每个先来的人都可得到一份礼物。

　　2. 按照英语习惯，一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间，那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间，而往往使用一个比较简单的时态，如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。比较。如：

　　This discovery means that we will spend less on food.这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。

　　This discovery will mean that we spend less on food. 这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。

　　3. 在make sure(弄清楚)，make certain(弄清楚)，take care(注意，当心)，be careful(注意，当心)，mind(注意)，watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示将来意义。如：

　　Take care that it does not occur again. 注意别再发生这样的事。

　　We must take care that no one sees us. 我们必须注意别让人看见我们。

　　Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。

　　Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情。

　　Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 注意别让宝宝接近加热器。

　　Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them. 在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。

　　技巧总结：英语短文改错题探秘

　　1. 动词时态

　　每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。

　　(1)(2003全国卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read

　　(and连接并列谓语)

　　(2)(2004江苏卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized

　　(and连接并列谓语)

　　(3)(2004全国卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk

　　(根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时)

　　(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took

　　(把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时)

　　(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is

　　(从上下文判断，应该是现在时，谓语用is)

　　(6)(2005江苏卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept

　　(and连接并列谓语)

　　2. 名词单复数

　　单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。

　　(1)(2003全国卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words

　　(是把word改为words 还是把were改为was，根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。)

　　(2)(2004江苏)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months

　　(several修饰复数名词)

　　(3)(2004全国卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes

　　(a few修饰复数名词)

　　(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years

　　(one and a half意思为一年半，故判断此处year应为复数形式)

　　(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages

　　(从there are 判断应该用名词复数)

　　3. 句子结构

　　句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主谓一致;4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。

　　(1)(2004 全国卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as

　　(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)

　　(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why

　　(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)

　　(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work

　　(缺谓语动词)

　　(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows

　　(主语是动名词短语Earning their own money，谓语应该用单数)

　　(5)(2005江苏卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was

　　(主语是第三人称单数)

　　4. 赘述

　　高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。

　　(1)(2003全国卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should

　　(并列谓语，should多余)

　　(2)(2004 全国卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about

　　(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接从句)

　　(3)(2004重庆卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to

　　(look up a word查字典)

　　(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to

　　(情态动词may后接动词原形)

　　(5)(2005江苏卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for

　　(but是连词for是介词，不能并列)

　　5. 固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)

　　所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。

　　(1)(2003全国卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking

　　(enjoy doing为固定短语)

　　(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at

　　(laugh at sb. 固定短语)

　　(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with

　　(provide ... with为固定短语)

　　(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for

　　(thank sb for sth)

　　(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with

　　(with money)