高中英语学习之短文改错

　其实我们所做的英语卷子中的题型都是固定的，当然做每个都有每个的方法，今天小编教大家如何做短文改错。短文改错和语法填空以及作文都是最考验基础的，你的基础扎不扎实从这些题中就能看出来，如果你是基础好的，下面这些方法会让你更好，如果基础不好也不用担心，毕竟基础一天学不来，但是有些套路我们还是可以应用的。

一短文改错出现的考点方面

词性问题

一个短文改错中会出现

形容词与副词的混用   还有形容词和形容词混用-ed/-ing    还有有些词虽然以ly结尾但是它不是副词，会诱导我们做题

名次单复数问题根据上下文

定冠词the和不定冠词a/an的混用，主要看特指与不特指和上文有没有提到

介词的应用，主要是固定搭配这个就靠近基础了，所以平时要多记多背

连词主要考前后句关系，是并列，顺承， 还是转折，经常会考and,but,however

另外更要注意有些连词不能一起运用这也就是我们汉语与英语的不同之处，比如because+so     though+but这些都是不可以的所以做题时要多留心，认真翻译我们还会遇到and+or的混用

否定词的使用是根据句子翻译的，所以翻译很重要，平时多练习翻译课文，这个分才能容易拿到

还有代词，我们很容易的会发现有些题会在前面提到男的后面就出来女的，代词由him——her这种问题万一出了一定要多留意！

疑问词how,what,when,会有一个常考的疑问词+to do 再就会考在从句里，看做不做成分，还要会区分名词性从句，到底哪个是定语从句哪个是同位语从句，这也是一个大难考点下面呢就带大家区分一下各种从句，并做一下相应的练习

（1）表语从句

1. 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2. 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

（1） 从属连词 that 。在从句中不做成分。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是 我把他的地址丢了。 The reason was that he was late for school.

（2） 从属连词 whether,as,as if。如：

1.He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。

2.The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注：从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if却可引导表语从句，如：

All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

这都是 20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。

The key is whether we can solve the problem.//It looked as if it was going to rain.

注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be, seem, look, sound 等。如：

He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。

It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.

连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在表语从句中做主 语、宾语等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替 换她呢。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 The problem is who we can get to replace her.

我想问的是谁离开了。 My question is who left.

连接副词 where, when, how, why。

What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。

This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。

That is why he didn't come here.

The question is how he did it.

（3） 连词 because 可引导表语从句。如：

I think it is because you are doing too much. 我 想 这 是 因 为 你 做 得 太 多 。 It's just because he doesn't know her.

That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我 .（That's because…强调原因 ） That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。 （That's why…强调结果 ）

（4） 在一些表示 ― 建议、 劝说、 命令 ‖ 的名词后面的表语从句中， 谓语动词用虚拟语气。 should+动词原形表示， should 可省略。如：

My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

表语测试

1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.

A. that B. if C. when D. whether

2. The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.

A. because B. that C. for D. because of

3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it

A. where B. there C. there where D. where there

4. The problem is _________to take the place of Ted

?A. who can we get B. what we can get

C. who we can get D. that we can get

5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.

A. that B. if C. whether D. 不填

6. The reason is_________ I missed the bus.

A. that B. when C. why D. what 7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.

A. that B. when C. why D. what

8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.

A. that B. like C. as D. as though

9. — I fell sick!

--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.

A. why B. when C. what D. because

10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.

A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill

11. — He was born here.

-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.

A. that B. what C. why D. how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.

A. what B. where C. that D. why 13. _______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies. A. What; how are you B. That; how you are

C. How; that you are D. What; how you are

14. The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.

A. what B. that C. how D. why that 15. America was __________was first called ―India‖ by Columbus.

A. what B. where C. the place D. there where

16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .

A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being

C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be

17. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.

A. What … that B. That … what

C. What … what D. That … what

18. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.

A. that B. which C. what D. such

19 — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

— Is that_____ you had a few days off?

A. why B .what C. when D. where

20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.

A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how

21. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what

22. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

---Oh, that’s _____.

A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited

23. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.

A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which

答案

1——5: DBACC

6——10 :ACDDC

11——15:CBDBA

16——20: AACAB

21——23: DAA

（2）主语从句

1. 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2. 构成：关联词 +简单句

3. 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

（1） 从属连词 that 。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。

（2） 从属连词 whether 。如：

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

（3） 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：

What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。

How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。

Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家 ----我唯一的 家。

解释：

1. 主语从句能用 it 作形式上的主语。常以 it 作形式主语的句型有：

A. It+be+形容词 （obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.）+that从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B. It+be+名词词组 （no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.）+that从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C. It+be+过去分词 （said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.）+that从 句。如：

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语 +that从句。如：

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。

E. It+doesn’t matter （makes no difference, etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F. 当 that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是 真的吗？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？

G . 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！

2.注意连接代词 whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义

Whoever comes will be welcome. （whoever=the person who） 来的人将受到欢迎。

Whatever he did was right. （whatever=the thing that） 他所做的事情是正确的。

Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. （whichever=anyone of you who） 你们当中不论 哪个进来将会得到奖

练习

1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever

2. It was he said disappointed me.

A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what

3. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.

A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter

5. was to return to school.

A. That really interested him B. What really interested him

C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really

6. makes mistakes must correct them.

A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever

7._______ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.

A. That B. Why C. What D. How

8. ________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A If B Whether C That D Where

9. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.

A. whether B. That C. what D. when

10.What I say and think ___ none of your business.

A. is B. are C. has D have

11. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time?

A. this B. that C. he D. it

12. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.

A. which B. that C. if D. for

13. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

14. _______ what they told me really true?

A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have

15. It matters little _____ a man dies, but ____ matters much is ____ he lives.

A. how; what; how B. how; it; how

C. why; it; why D. that; what; that

16. ____ she couldn't understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest

in her lessons.

A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that

17. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out

the atmosphere today.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

18. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural

differences from one aspect.

A. What B. That C. This D. Which

19. -What made her parents so angry?

- _______ she had failed in the examination.

A. As B. Because C. Since D. That

20. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

21. -Do you remember _______ he came?

-Yes, I do. He came by car.

A. how B. when C. that D. if

22. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever

23. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

-Is that _______ you had a few days off?

A. why B. when C. what D. where

24. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?

A. where B. what C. how D. which

25. It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.

A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

练习 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 ACBDB 21-25 AAADB

（3）宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句 . 宾语从句分为三类 :动词的宾语从句 , 介词的宾语 从句和形容词的宾语从句 .

时态：

1. 主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。

2. 主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。

3. 主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。

一、宾语从句的连接词

从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有 that,if,whether.

that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句 , 而 if 和 whether 引导表示“是否”的宾语从句 .

He told me that he would go to the college the next year

他告诉我他下一年上大学 .

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

我不知道是否还会有公交车 .

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

没人知道他是否会通过考试 .

连接代词

连接 代词 主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等 .

连接代词一般指疑问 , 但 what, whatever除了指疑问外 , 也可以指陈述 .

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ?

I don’t know whom you should depend on.

我不知道你该依靠谁 .

The book will show you what the best CEOs know.

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么 .

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 ?

连接副词

连接副词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等 .

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 .

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?

你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 ?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 .

二、动词的宾语从句

大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.

我们都预料他们会赢 , 因为他们的队员更强壮 .

He told us that they would help us though the whole work.

他告诉我们在整个工作中 , 他都会帮忙的 .

部分“动词 +副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.

我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了 .

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?

你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗 ?

动词短语也可以带宾语从句

常见的这些词有 :

make sure确保 make up one’ s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.

在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误 .

可运用形式宾语 it 代替的宾语从句

①动词 find,feel,consider,make,believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候 , 则需要用 it 做形式宾语 而将 that 宾语从句后置 .

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的 .

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.

我没去聚会 , 感觉非常遗憾 .

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

我每天写日记成了习惯 .

We all find it important that we （should） make a quick decision about this mater.

我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要 .

②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加 it

这类动词主要有 :hate, take , owe, have, see to.

I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.

我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话 .

He will have it that our plan is really practical.

他会认为我们的计划确实可行 .

We take it that you will agree with us.

我们认为你会同意我们的 .

When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.

开启发动机时 , 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置 .

③若宾语从句是 wh-类 , 则不可用 it 代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

我们都认为你所说的是不可信的 .

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.

我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的 .

三、介词的宾语从句

用 wh-类的介词宾语从句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 .

The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

这本新书是关于神州 6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的 .

用 that,if 引导的介词宾语从句

有时候 except,but,besides 三个介词后可见到 that 引导的宾语从句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班 , 其他一无所知 .

四、形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有 :

sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

I am sure I will pass the exam.

我确信我会通过考试 .

I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你 .

He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.

他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他 .

五、 if,whether 在宾语从句中的区别

① if 和 whether 在作 “是否” 解时 , 引导宾语从句常放在动词 know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后 , 介词后一般不用 if

② 少数动词 , 如 :leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用 whether.

③ whether 后可以加 or not,但是 if 不可以 .

④ 在不定式前只能用 whether.

（如：I can’ t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 ）

⑤ 避免歧异时 , 我们常用 whether 而不用 if.

六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词 that

当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等动词的宾语时 ; 当宾语从句较长时 ;

当主语状语置于主句尾 , 宾语从句之前时 ;

当主语谓语动词 （包括非谓语动词 ） 与宾语从句之间有插入语时 ;

当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 , 此时第一个 that 可以省略 , 第二个 that 不可以 省略 ;

当宾语从句中的主语是 this,that 或 this,that 做主语的定语时 ;

当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时 ;

当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 ;

当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时 ;

当宾语从句有 it 做其先行词时 ;

在直接引语中 , 转述分句把宾语从句隔开时 .

七、宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess 等 , 并且主句的 主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时 , 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来 , 其反义疑问句一般 与宾语从句一致 .

I don’ t think he will come to my party.而不能说成 I think he won’ t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会 .

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?

我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的 , 是不是 ?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词 , 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式 . We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?

我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课 , 是不是 ?

八、宾语从句的时态和语序

当主句为现在时或将来时 , 宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响 .

当主句为过去时

①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生

I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书 , 可不知道是哪个国家 .

He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.

他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读 <<老人与海 >>.

②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前

He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.

他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了 Mary.

③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后

The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱 .

如果从句是一个客观真理 , 那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化

The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.

老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转 .

当宾语从句的引导词是 who,which,what,when,where,how,why 等表疑问时 , 不能按正常语序 安排 , 经常将这类引导词置于句首

Who do you think the public might choose as